The more than 30 different species of alder belong to the birch family (Betulaceae) and is native to many areas of the northern hemisphere. Three principle types are common in central Europe: the black alder (also called red alder), the white alder (also known as gray alder) and the green alder (also known as mountain alder). The black alder is the only type that is relevant for the wood industry.
Black alders reach a height of approximately 30m and grow very rapidly in the first few years. They have, relatively speaking, a short life span, reaching an age of approx. 100 to 120 years. White alders can grow to 10 to 15 meters high, and generally grow no older than 50 years. Green alder grow generally as small trees or shrubs (up to 5m).
Alder, most notably the black alder, often occur on the banks of watercourses and moist areas.
The sapwood and heartwood of the alder are difficult to differentiate. The wood is reddish-white or reddish-yellow to reddish colored and darkens when exposed to light. The annual growth rings are not particularly clear, however on closer inspection the large pore structure of the springwood can be seen.
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Light Stain |
Medium Stain |
Dark Stain |
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Rubberwood
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